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105) Caves in Abu Saraj Cliff

[PADIS code 0175]

Arabic: منحدر أبو سرج: كهوف

Site location: Abu Saraj Cliff.

State of preservation: partly preserved, partly under modern cultivations and modern edification.

Disturbance: pillage, modern cultivations, modern building activities.

Occupational periods: Chalcolithic, Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Iron Age, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Late Islamic, Ottoman.

 

Chalcolithic Period

Site typology: caves.

List: caves IV/7 ("Cave of the Crescent"; Sion 2002, 49-51 = site n. 286, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/11 ("The Cave of the Pillar" or Khirbet Bureikut; Sion 2002, 52 = site n. 292, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 65), IV/17 ("Cave of the Masonry Wall"; Sion 2002, 53-54 = site n. 291, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64-65), VI/46 (Sion 2002, 59-60 = site n. 314, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 67).

Material culture: pottery.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Feig 2002; Sion 2002, 50, 59-60; Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64-65, 67, sites ns 291, 292, 314, map 2.

 

Early Bronze Age

Site typology: caves.

List: caves IV/7 (EB I; "Cave of the Crescent"; Sion 2002, 49-51 = site n. 286, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/12, IV/17 ("Cave of the Masonry Wall"; Sion 2002, 53-54 = site n. 291, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64-65), IV/18, VI/46 (EB IB-II; Sion 2002, 62-63 = site n. 310 after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 67).

Material culture: bronze dagger (IV/18, after Sion 2002, 54), textiles (IV/46, after Sion 2002, 60), flint flake, textiles (VI/46, after Schick 2002, 231), pottery.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Schick 2002, 231; Sion 2002, 50, 54, 60; Wolff 2002, 81; Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 67, site n. 314, map 2.

 

Middle Bronze Age

Site typology: cave.

List: cave IV/12.

Material culture: pottery.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Wolff 2002, 75, fig. 1.

 

Iron Age

Site typology: caves.

List: caves IV/11 ("The Cave of the Pillar" or Khirbet Bureikut; Sion 2002, 52 = site n. 292, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 65), IV/12.

Material culture: Black-on-Red juglet, pottery.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Feig 2002; Wolff 2002, 74-75, fig. 2; Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 65, site n. 292, map 2.

 

Persian Period

Site typology: cave.

List: cave IV/5 ("Cave of the Lamp"; Sion 2002, 46-47 = site n. 285, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64).

Material culture: coins, pottery.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Ariel 2002, 290-293; Sion 2002, 46-47; Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64, site n. 285, map 2.

 

Hellenistic Period

Site typology: caves.

List: caves IV/1 (= site n. 282, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/2 (rock shelter = site n. 281, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 63-64), IV/4 ("The Two-Story Cave"; Sion 2002, 46), IV/5 ("Cave of the Lamp"; Sion 2002, 46-57 = site n. 284, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/6 ("The Cave of the Drachmas" = site n. 285, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64; Sion 2002, 47-49), IV/7 ("Cave of the Crescent"; Sion 2002, 49-51 = site n. 286, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/8 ("The Hasmonean Cave"; Sion 2002, 51), IV/11 ("The Cave of the Pillar" or Khirbet Bureikut; Sion 2002, 52 = site n. 292, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 65), IV/12, IV/17 ("Cave of the Masonry Wall"; Sion 2002, 53-54), VI/43 (Sion 2002, 58-59 = site n. 305, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 66), VI/46 (Sion 2002, 62-63 = site n. 310, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 67), VI/52 (Sion 2002, 62-63 = site n. 310, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 67).

Material culture: bronze lamp, bronze arrowhead, iron nail and toggle-pin (IV/5, after Sion 2002, 46-47), glass bead (IV/2, after Sion 2002, 45), beads (VI/46, after Sion 2002, 60), coins, leather fragments, pottery.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Ariel 2002, 295; Sion 2002, 44-54, 58-63; Wolff 2002, 75-80; Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64-67, sites ns 281-282, 284, 285, 286, 292, 303, 305, 310, 314, map 2.

 

Roman Period

Site typology: caves.

List: caves IV/2 (rock-shelter = site n. 281, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 63-64), IV/7 ("Cave of the Crescent"; Sion 2002, 49-51 = site n. 286, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/8 ("The Hasmonean Cave"; Sion 2002, 51 = site n. 283, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/11 ("The Cave of the Pillar" or Khirbet Bureikut; Sion 2002, 52 = site n. 292, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 65), IV/12, VI/47, VI/52 (Sion 2002, 62-63 = site n. 310, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 67).

Material culture: glass vessels (VI/52, after Sion 2002, 63), coins, iron nails (IV/12, after Wolff 2002, 80-81), textiles (IV/12, after Shamir - Baginski 2002, 246), pottery.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Ariel 2002, 296-297; Shamir - Baginski 2002, 246; Sion 2002, 45, 49-52; Wolff 2002, 75-81; Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64-65, 67, sites ns 281, 283, 286, 292, 310, map 2.

 

Byzantine Period

Site typology: caves.

List: caves IV/1, IV/2 (rock-shelter), IV/4 ("The Two-Story Cave"; Sion 2002, 46), IV/5 ("The Cave of the Lamp"; Sion 2002, 46-57 = site n. 284, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/6 ("The Cave of the Drachmas"; Sion 2002, 47-49 = site n. 285, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/7 ("Cave of the Crescent"; Sion 2002, 49-50 = site n. 286, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64), IV/8, IV/11 ("The Cave of the Pillar" or Khirbet Bureikut; Sion 2002, 52 = site n. 292, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 65), IV/12, IV/17 ("Cave of the Masonry Wall"; Sion 2002, 53-54 = site n. 291, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64-65), VI/41, VI/46 (Sion 2002, 62-63 = site n. 310, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 67), VI/47, VI/48, VI/49.

Material culture: glass bowl (IV/6, after Sion 2002, 48), coins, bronze pendant, iron nails (IV/49, after Sion 2002, 61), fragmentary cross (IV/48, after Sion 2002, 61), pottery.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Ariel 2002, 297; Sion 2002, 44-51, 61, 66-67; Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 64-65, 67, sites ns 284, 285, 286, 291, 292, 314, map 2.

 

Early Islamic Period

Site typology: cave.

List: cave VI/52 (Sion 2002, 62-63 = site n. 310, after Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 67).

Material culture: textiles.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Shamir - Baginski 2002, 251-252; Sion 2002, 67; Greenberg - Keinan 2009, 67, site n. 310, map 2.

 

Late Islamic/Ottoman Period

Site typology: caves.

List: caves IV/12, VIII/9.

Material culture: coins; pottery.

Bibliography: Wexler 2002, tab. 1; Ariel 2002, 300; Sion 2002, 63; Wolff 2002, 74, 79, 82, fig. 6.

 

Bibliography

Ariel, D.T.
2002

"Coins from the Surveys and Excavations of the Caves in the Northern Judean Desert", in L. Wexler (ed.) 2002, pp. 282-304.
Feig, N.
2002 "The Excavation of Cave IV/11 ('Cave of the Pillar')", in L. Wexler (ed.) 2002, p. 71.
Greenberg, R. - Keinan, A.
2009 Israeli Archaeological Activity in the West Bank 1967-2007. A Sourcebook, Jerusalem 2009 (in particular pp. 64-67, sites ns. 281-286, 291-292, 303, 305, 310, 314, map 2).
Schick, T.
2002

"The Early Basketry and Textiles from Caves in the Northern Judean Desert", in L. Wexler (ed.) 2002, pp. 223-239 (in particular pp. 231, 234).
Shamir, O. - Baginski, A.
2002 "The Later Textiles, Basketry and Cordage from Caves in the Northern Judean Desert", in L. Wexler (ed.) 2002, pp. 242-255 (in particular pp. 246, 251-252).
Sion, O.
2002 "Survey and excavations of Caves along the Jebel Abu Saraj Cliff", in L. Wexler (ed.) 2002, pp. 43-70.
Wexler, L.
2002 "Preface", in L. Wexler (ed.) 2002, pp. v-xviii.
Wexler, L. (ed.)
2002 Survey and Excvations of Caves in the Northern Judean Desert (CNJD) – 1993 (‘Atiqot 41), Jerusalem 2002.
Wolff, S.R.
2002 "The Excavation of Cave IV/12", in L. Wexler (ed.) 2002, pp. 73-83.