066) Nitla, Khirbet en-/Tell Jaljul (Galgala)
[PADIS code 0007]
Arabic: خربة النتلة
Site ancient name: biblical Galgala (Augustinović 1951, 166-168; Hirschfeld 1990, 50-51, site n. 33 = Sion's site E [Sion 1996, 250]).
Site location: Lat. +31° 51' 5.65" N; Long. +35° 29' 16.59" E.
Site extension: 5 dunams.
State of preservation: ruins, partly under modern cultivations.
Disturbance: modern cultivations.
Occupational periods: Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic.
Plates: I, III, XXXVII-XXXVIII.
Hellenistic Period
Site typology: occupational layers.
Material culture: pottery.
Bibliography: Foerster 1993, 697.
Roman Period
Site typology: occupational layers.
Material culture: pottery.
Bibliography: Foerster 1993, 697.
Byzantine Period
Site typology: village.
Public architecture: monastery (church, monastic cells, reservoir).
Domestic architecture: houses.
Material culture: mosaics with Latin inscriptions, glass, coins.
Bibliography: Guérin 1874, 117-126; Clermont-Ganneau 1896, 37; Conder - Kitchener 1883, 184-191; Féderlin 1903, 309-310; Augustinović 1951, 162-168; Baramki 1955; Kelso - Baramki 1955, 32-35; Wolf 1955; North 1956, 519; 1967, 79; Ovadiah 1970, 114-116; Ovadiah - de Silva 1981, 216-217; 1982, 149-150; Hirschfeld 1990, 50-52, site n. 33; Foerster 1993; Sion 1996, 250, 262, site E.
Early Islamic Period
Site typology: village.
Public architecture: monastery (churches).
Domestic architecture: houses.
Material culture: mosaics, glass, coins, bronze shovel, clay figurines, pottery.
Bibliography: Clermont-Ganneau 1896, 37; Augustinović 1951, 162, 167-168; Baramki 1955, 50-52; Kelso 1955, 35-39; North 1956, 519; 1967, 79; Ovadiah - de Silva 1981, 217; Foerster 1993.
Bibliography
| Augustinović, A. | |
| 1951 | Gerico e dintorni, Jerusalem 1951 (in particular pp. 162-168). |
| Baramki, D.C. | |
| 1955 | "The Excavations at Khirbet en-Nitla", in J.L. Kelso - D.C. Baramki (eds.) 1955, pp. 50-52. |
| Clermont-Ganneau, C. | |
| 1896 | Archaeological Research in Palestine During the Years 1873-1874, Vol. II, London 1896 (in particular p. 37). |
| Conder, C.R. - Kitchener, H.H. | |
| 1883 | The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Volume III. Sheets XVII-XXVI. Judaea, London 1883 (in particular pp. 184-191). |
| Féderlin, J.L. | |
| 1903 | "Recherches sur les laures et monasteries de la plaine de Jordain et du désert de Jérusalem", in La Terre Sainte 20 (1903), pp. 117-331 (in particular pp. 309-310). |
| Foerster, G. | |
| 1993 | "Khirbet en-Nitla", in E. Stern (ed.), The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, Vol. 2, Jerusalem 1993, pp. 696-697. |
| Guérin, V.H. | |
| 1874 | Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine I: Samaria, Paris 1874 (in particular pp. 117-126). |
| 1884 | La Terre Sainte: son histoire - ses souvenir - ses sites - ses monuments, Vol. 2, Paris 1884 (in particular p. 194). |
| Hirschfeld, Y. | |
| 1990 | "List of the Monasteries of the Judean Desert", in G.C. Bottini - L. Di Segni - E. Alliata (eds.), Christian Archaeology in the Holy Land - New Discoveries. Essays in Hounour of Virgilio C. Corbo, OFM (Studium Biblicum Franciscanum, Collectio Maior 36), Jerusalem 1990, pp. 1-90 (in particular pp. 50-52, site n. 33). |
| Kelso, J.L. - Baramki, D.C. | |
| 1955 | "The Pottery of New Testament Jericho and Khirbet en-Nitla", in J.L. Kelso - D.C. Baramki (eds.) 1955, pp. 20-41 (in particular pp. 32-39). |
| Kelso, J.L. - Baramki, D.C. (eds). | |
| 1955 | Excavations at New Testament Jericho an Khirbet en-Nitla (Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 29-30, 1949-1951), New Haven 1955. |
| North, R. | |
| 1956 | "Review of «Excavations at New Testament Jericho»", in Biblica 37 (1956), pp. 515-519 (in particular p. 519). |
| 1967 | Les Fouilles dans la region de Jéricho, Rome 1967 (in particular p. 79). |
| Ovadiah, A. | |
| 1970 | Corpus of Byzantine Churches in the Holy Land (Theophaneia. Beiträge zur religions- und Kirchengeschichte des Altertums 22), Bonn 1970 (in particular pp. 114-116). |
| Ovadiah, A. - de Silva, C.G. | |
| 1981 | "Supplement of the Corpus of the Byzantine Churches in the Holy Land (Part I)", in Levant 13 (1981), pp. 200-261 (in particular pp. 216-217). |
| 1982 | "Supplement of the Corpus of the Byzantine Churches in the Holy Land Part II: Updated Material on Churches discussed in the Corpus", in Levant 14 (1982), pp. 122-170 (in particular pp. 149-150). |
| Sion, O. | |
| 1996 | "The Monasteries of the Desert of the Jordan", in Liber Annuus 46 (1996), pp. 245-264 (in particular pp. 250, 262, site E). |
| Wolf, C.U. | |
| 1955 | "Khirbet en-Nitla not the Byzantine Galgala", in J.L. Kelso - D.C. Baramki (eds.) 1955, pp. 57-60. |